Kunduz University International Journal of Islamic Studies and Social Sciences
type: channel
description: Kunduz University Journal of Islamic Studies and Social Sciences KUIJIS (e-ISSN 3078-3895) is an open-access international peer-reviewed journal published quarterly by Kunduz University. The journal welcomes the submission of Original articles, Short communications, invited review articles, and Letters to the Editor that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence in all fields of Islamic studies and social sciences. Fields of interest are Islamic culture, Jurisprudence and law, Islamic education, English language literature, Persian language and literature, Pashto language and literature, Geography, History, Psychology, Physical Education, Judicial and Prosecution, Administration and Diplomacy, National Economy and Finance and Banking. We also accept papers on novel approaches that could advance experimental work in the above-listed areas. Within four to six weeks of submission, we want to notify authors of the initial decision on their manuscript or manuscripts. Aim and Scope: The primary areas of study for the Kunduz University International Journal of Islamic Studies and Social Sciences (Kuijis) are Islamic culture, Jurisprudence and law, Islamic education, English language literature, Persian language and literature, Pashto language and literature, Geography, History, Psychology, Physical Education, Judicial & Prosecution, Administration and Diplomacy, National Economy and Finance and Banking. The mission of Kuijis is to disseminate research findings from scholars in pertinent fields, widen the scope of relevant issues facing the community of Afghanistan, and draw attention to them from across the world. Researchers and academics have the chance to accumulate their knowledge in an organized way using Kuijis. Kuijis is still available for in-depth examination, growth, and improvement. More significantly, Kuijis provides an opportunity for academic discussions regarding scientific issues in Afghanistan and worldwide. Peer Review Process Pe…
publisher: KUIJIS
language: en
publication name: Kunduz University International Journal of Islamic Studies and Social Sciences
issn: 3078-3895
items: The Influence of Hafez on Ralph Waldo Emerson Tracing Persian Mysticism in American Transcendentalism
items: Narcotics and Long-Term Strategies for Combating in Panjshir A Case study
items: Exploring the Barriers to Speaking Fluency among EFL Students at Panjshir University
items: Afghanistan and Jordan's Bachelor of Laws Curricula A Comparative Analysis
items: Nazari’s English Language Learning in Afghanistan A Case Study of Challenges and Solutions
items: Understanding Bamyan EFL Students’ Learning Preferences and Instructional Adaptation in Challenging Classrooms
items: Strategies for using Digital Space and Its Ethical Regulation in Afghanistan
items: Investigating the Perceptions of School Teachers on Classroom Assessments and Practices of Primary Education at Parwan Province, Afghanistan
items: Semantic Analysis of Prepositions and Postpositions in Pashto
items: Faculty Resistance to Changes Arising from the Implementation of Educational Quality Management Processes Causes and Strategies for Overcoming
items: The Role of Competency-Based Education in Building Inclusive and Sustainable Communities
items: Examining the Impact of Quality Assurance on Facilitating and Accelerating the Internationalization Process of Higher Education in Afghanistan
items: The Role of Monitoring and Evaluation in Enhancing the Quality of Higher Education Institutions in Afghanistan
items: Comparison of the Obtained Scores of Core Quality Assurance Standards in Public and Private UniversitiesInstitutions
items: The Role of Quality Assurance in Strengthening Research
items: Annual assessment and monitoring of academic programs in educational institutions and its effect on enhancing educational quality
items: An AI-Enabled, Data-Driven PDCA Framework for Continuous Quality Improvement in Higher Education A Three-Institution Study
items: The Evolution of Policy-Oriented and Applied Research in Uzbekistan From Institutional Isolation to Strategic Integration
items: Factors Contributing to Procrastination Behaviors Among University Students in Jalalabad: A Quality Assurance Perspective
items: The Role of Student Feedback in Enhancing Educational Quality: A Case Study of the Faculty of Computer Science, Herat University
items: Assessing the Impact of Digitalization on the Improvement of Educational Quality in Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study of Herat University (2025)
items: Citizen Satisfaction with Urban Park Services, Case Study: Park-e-Shahr-e-Qadim, Aybak, Samangan
items: An Analysis of the Challenges and Opportunities of Tourism in Balkh Province: Approaches to Development and Management
items: The Impact of Ethnicity and Gender on Psychological Well-Being in Afghanistan
items: The Role of Relevant Departments in Pollution Reduction Techniques and Biodiversity Conservation in Afghanistan
items: Baghlan and the Earliest Traces of the Persian-Dari Language:An Examination of the Historical, Linguistic, and Cultural ties between Baghlan and Persian-Dari language
items: Digital Currency and the Question of Trust: CBEX Trading in Nigeria from Islamic Economic Lens
items: Overview of Afghanistan’s Water Basins
items: A look to Afghanistan's geopolitical and transit Location and its impact on the country's political and economic stability
items: Investigating Grammatical Errors in the Spoken English of Freshmen at Panjshir University’s Faculty of Education

The Influence of Hafez on Ralph Waldo Emerson Tracing Persian Mysticism in American Transcendentalism
type: item
description: This study examines the influence of the Persian Sufi poet Hafez on Ralph Waldo Emerson and explores Hafez’s role in shaping American Transcendentalism. When Emerson encountered Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s West-Eastern Divan in 1838, he developed a sustained interest in Hafez and subsequently studied Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall’s German translation, Der Diwan von Mohammed Schemsed-din Hafis. The present study addresses a clear scholarly gap: although Emerson’s admiration for Hafez has been acknowledged, there has been no sustained comparative textual analysis of how specific Hafizian themes and poetics informed Emerson’s major writings. The corpus of this study includes Emerson’s essays “Fate,” “Power,” “Illusions,” “The Poet,” and “Persian Poetry,” alongside selected ghazals from Hammer-Purgstall’s translation that Emerson demonstrably read and cited. For Emerson, Hafez became a “poet for poets,” whose mystical vision, antinomian spirituality and celebration of intellectual freedom resonated deeply with transcendental philosophy. Over nearly fourteen years, Emerson repeatedly referenced Hafez, ultimately praising him as the “prince of Persian poets,” ranking him above Pindar, Anacreon and Burns and placing him in poetic stature alongside Shakespeare. Through qualitative, library-based comparative textual analysis, this study demonstrates Hafez’s transnational literary legacy and his constructive contribution to Emerson’s intellectual development and to the broader evolution of American Transcendental thought.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hafez
  topic: keywords
subject: Ralph Waldo Emerson
  topic: keywords
subject: Transcendentalism
  topic: keywords
subject: West Eastern Divan
  topic: keywords
subject: Persian literature
  topic: keywords
creator: Khalilullah Tawhidyar
creator: Sayyed Bashir Aalemy
creator: Malang Jan Momand
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-22
publication date: 2026-06-22
starting page: 249
ending page: 260
doi: 10.71082/dg5xkm75

Narcotics and Long-Term Strategies for Combating in Panjshir A Case study
type: item
description: Drug use poses significant challenges to global security, public health, and socio-economic stability, with Afghanistan at the center as one of the largest producers of narcotics. This study explores the multifaceted drivers of drug use in Afghanistan, including poverty, prolonged conflict, weak governance, and corruption. It examines the socio-economic and health consequences of drug abuse and the role of women, cultural leaders, and international cooperation in addressing the issue. This qualitative study on Afghanistan used purposive sampling to select expert interviewees. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis, triangulated with secondary sources, and analyzed using thematic analysis in NVivo. Findings highlight the importance of integrated approaches, such as promoting alternative livelihoods, strengthening anti-corruption measures, fostering international collaboration, and leveraging cultural and religious influences. Public education and holistic rehabilitation programs are vital components of long-term solutions. This study emphasizes the need for comprehensive, context-specific strategies address Afghanistan's unique socio-political and economic challenges, offering actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in combating the narcotics crisis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Afghanistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug
  topic: keywords
subject: long-term
  topic: keywords
subject: Solution
  topic: keywords
creator: Sayed Ali Sultani
creator: Mahboobullah Mahboob
creator: Hekmatullah Mushtaq
creator: Sayed Zahir Nazimi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 240
ending page: 248
doi: 10.71082/ajc61t15

Exploring the Barriers to Speaking Fluency among EFL Students at Panjshir University
type: item
description: EFL classes are designed to provide non-native speakers with the opportunity to learn and practice English language skills. Additionally, EFL classes aim to enhance students' vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation through different activities, including role-playing, group discussions, and language games. Speaking is another key area of focus in EFL classes. The students are motivated to speak in an encouraging atmosphere where they receive feedback provided by their peers and English teachers. However, EFL students in the English language and literature department are unable to speak English fluently inside and outside the classroom. This study aims to investigate the common barriers, reasons, and causes hindering students from achieving English fluency. There are several reasons for the fluency problems among EFL students at this university. A qualitative method is employed in the current research to identify barriers from the perspectives of lecturers and students. The data was analyzed through thematic analysis, in which the researcher tended to discover the main causes impeding students from speaking English fluently. In conclusion, the low English fluency of students at Panjshir University has several reasons. The reasons are a lack of chance to practice speaking, students’ shyness about talking, and fear of making mistakes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: EFL Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Speaking barriers
  topic: keywords
subject: Fluency
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Sediq Sediqi
creator: Sayed Zahir Nazimi
creator: Kamran Hatifi
creator: Sariullah Sari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 232
ending page: 239
doi: 10.71082/rep0qm74

Afghanistan and Jordan's Bachelor of Laws Curricula A Comparative Analysis
type: item
description: This study conducts a comparative qualitative analysis of the Bachelor of Laws curricula in Afghanistan and Jordan, focusing on learning objectives, teaching strategies, and curriculum content. It examines how historical, cultural, social, and economic factors shape the legal education frameworks in these two countries, which present distinct legal environments. The research utilizes curriculum data from key educational institutions, such as Yarmouk University in Jordan and Afghan law programs, to identify similarities and differences in their approach to legal education. Both curricula emphasize foundational law courses, practical skills development, and addressing real-world legal challenges, yet highlight different legal traditions: Afghanistan's curriculum integrates Islamic law and legal pluralism reflecting its poly-jural system, while Jordan’s program aligns with a civil law tradition and offers a broader range of specialized courses. Resource allocation also differs, with Jordan benefiting from well-equipped facilities and highly qualified faculty, while Afghanistan focuses on market relevance and practical skills amid resource constraints. Cultural and economic contexts significantly influence curriculum design, with Afghanistan prioritizing Islamic jurisprudence and reconstruction needs, and Jordan emphasizing a comprehensive international legal education. The study underscores the importance of internationalization, practical training, and flexible curriculum structures to prepare law graduates for professional challenges, recommending enhancements such as increased specialization, practical experiences, and embracing technological innovations to improve legal education quality in both countries. This research contributes valuable insights for educational reform aimed at strengthening legal education in similar socio-legal contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Curriculum Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparative Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education Reform
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Practical Skills
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Khalid Khawrin
creator: Abdul Naser Stanikzai
creator: Abdul Rahman Qani
creator: Mohammad Wali Segawandi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 219
ending page: 231
doi: 10.71082/acm8pz43

Nazari’s English Language Learning in Afghanistan A Case Study of Challenges and Solutions
type: item
description: This study presents a case analysis of a senior EFL student (pseudonym: Nazari) at Helmand University, southern Afghanistan. The research investigates his English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning history, the challenges he encountered, and the strategies he applied to overcome them. A qualitative dominant mixed-methods design was employed, and data were collected through interview, learning style questionnaire, oral and written performance assessments. The interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis, while the learning style questionnaire was analyzed through frequency approach, and performance data were evaluated using analytic rubrics. Findings highlight the role of self-motivation, kinesthetic learning preferences, and informal learning resources such as learning videos and social interaction in fostering language learning especially in the EFL context. Challenges included limited access to resources, time management constraints, and lack of extrinsic motivation. The study concludes with teaching implications and recommendations for supporting EFL learners in Afghanistan and similar contexts. This case contributes to understanding language learning in resource-limited environments, emphasizing learner autonomy, motivation, and context-driven strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Language Learning History
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Styles
  topic: keywords
subject: Oral Skills Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Written Skills Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Motivation and Learning Resources
  topic: keywords
creator: Sayed Hikmatullah Saifi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 209
ending page: 218
doi: 10.71082/7he6ss53

Understanding Bamyan EFL Students’ Learning Preferences and Instructional Adaptation in Challenging Classrooms
type: item
description: This study examines the learning style preferences of English language students at Bamyan University and explores how these preferences affect classroom participation and academic performance. It also examines instructors’ awareness of diverse learning needs and their ability to adapt teaching practices. The research used a mixed-methods approach. Data were gathered through a VARK questionnaire, classroom observations, and a student focus group. Teacher interviews and an analysis of academic records provided additional context. Results indicate a strong preference for visual (38%) and auditory (27%) learning. Reading/writing (20%) and kinesthetic (15%) styles were less common. Students with visual or auditory preferences participated more and earned higher grades in traditional lectures. In contrast, kinesthetic learners often struggled due to a lack of hands-on learning opportunities. Teachers understood that students learn differently. However, they reported major obstacles to adapting their methods, including large class sizes, a fixed curriculum, and limited resources. While methods like flipped learning were seen as helpful, they were not widely used due to technological and training constraints. The study underscores the critical need for adaptable, student-centered teaching strategies and practical policy measures to enhance engagement, fairness, and the effectiveness of English-language education in resource-limited contexts, thereby demonstrating the value of learning style theory in such settings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: English as a Foreign Language (EFL)
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning styles
  topic: keywords
subject: Student engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic performance
  topic: keywords
subject: VARK model (Visual
  topic: keywords
subject: Auditory
  topic: keywords
subject: Reading/Writing, Kinesthetic)
  topic: keywords
creator: Rasool Dad Islam
creator: Mohammad Sharif Hasanzoy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 197
ending page: 208
doi: 10.71082/tmvs3m58

Strategies for using Digital Space and Its Ethical Regulation in Afghanistan
type: item
description: Digital space, or cyberspace, refers to a set of platforms and tools based on information technology that enable communication, information exchange, and the performance of individual and social activities on a broad scale. Today, this space plays a fundamental role in various dimensions of human life and has had profound social, cultural, and ethical impacts on societies. The main objective of this study is to examine strategies for the effective use of digital space and identify approaches for controlling and strengthening digital ethics in Afghan society. This research adopts a mixed-methods approach. In the first phase, a literature-based method is used to identify and analyze the most significant ethical challenges and risks of digital space, while in the second phase, a quantitative method employing a questionnaire is applied to evaluate the views and experiences of digital space users in Afghanistan. The findings indicate that a lack of sufficient awareness, weak ethical frameworks, and the absence of coherent regulatory strategies are among the most important factors contributing to ethical challenges in digital environments. Consequently, the provision of targeted training, formulation of digital ethics principles, and promotion of a culture of responsible use can play an effective role in improving the utilization of digital space and reducing its ethical harms in Afghan society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Space Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Cyberspace Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethical Challenges of Digital Space
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethics in Digital Space
  topic: keywords
creator: Khoshal Rahman Rahmani
creator: Hameedullah Mohammadi
creator: Mohmmad Nabi Adalatyar
creator: Nasrallah Rahimi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 183
ending page: 196
doi: 10.71082/4nzn1442

Investigating the Perceptions of School Teachers on Classroom Assessments and Practices of Primary Education at Parwan Province, Afghanistan
type: item
description: Classroom assessment plays a crucial role in shaping teaching practices and improving learning outcomes in primary education. This study investigates how school teachers perceive and implement assessment practices in classrooms at Parwan province. The purpose of this study is to explore perceptions of school teachers on classroom assessment and practices in primary Education in Parwan province, Afghanistan. A mixed-method of research (qualitative and quantitative) was employed to collect the data of the study. A total of 40 school teachers were randomly selected to participate in this study. A questionnaire consisting of 10 items based on Likert-scale was designed to gather the participants’ perceptions. In addition, five school teachers were asked to participate in a semi-structured interview in order to collect the qualitative data of the study. The findings of the study indicate that most teachers view assessment as a tool to support learning rather than merely assign grades. Teachers favored creating their own assessment tools, gave timely feedback, and integrated peer and self-assessment. Moreover, participants valued diverse assessment strategies such as classroom questioning and end-of-unit exams. However, challenges such as large class sizes, lack of training, limited resources, and the absence of standard rubrics were commonly reported. Overall, the study concludes that while teachers demonstrate a positive attitude towards using assessment to support learning, there is a strong need for targeted professional development, standardized tools, and greater resource availability to enhance assessment effectiveness in primary education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Practices
  topic: keywords
subject: school
  topic: keywords
subject: Classroom
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceptions
  topic: keywords
creator: Ramin Waziry
creator: Sayed Bashir Aalemy
creator: Fazludin Muhammadar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 170
ending page: 182
doi: 10.71082/cckspg08

Semantic Analysis of Prepositions and Postpositions in Pashto
type: item
description: Prepositions and postpositions in the Pashto language are considered bound morphemes that appear at the beginning and end of free morphemes, respectively, and serve to establish syntactic and semantic relationships among words. In Pashto, multiple postpositions can correspond to a single preposition, and vice versa, which often leads to grammatical and semantic ambiguities, making comprehension difficult for both writers and readers. Moreover, Pashto grammatical and orthographic works-particularly those written for pedagogical purposes-have paid little systematic attention to this issue. In most cases, authors have unconsciously adopted patterns influenced by neighboring languages, and instructors have continued teaching these structures without critical evaluation. This study employs a content analysis and critical linguistic approach to investigate the semantic and grammatical roles of prepositions and postpositions in Pashto. The findings provide a comprehensive table of accurate Pashto prepositions and postpositions commonly used in daily communication. These forms do not create semantic inconsistencies, are easy to understand and apply for both writers and readers, and can be logically and linguistically justified for speakers of different Pashto dialects in teaching contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sentence
  topic: keywords
subject: Word
  topic: keywords
subject: Phrase
  topic: keywords
subject: Preposition
  topic: keywords
subject: Postposition
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdul Basir Abid
creator: Mohammad Sediq Patang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-28
publication date: 2026-06-28
starting page: 155
ending page: 169
doi: 10.71082/gmmycb10

Faculty Resistance to Changes Arising from the Implementation of Educational Quality Management Processes Causes and Strategies for Overcoming
type: item
description: Educational quality management processes often necessitate significant changes within higher education systems, yet such initiatives are frequently met with resistance from faculty members. This resistance, rooted in diverse psychological, professional, and organizational factors, can create barriers to achieving the intended goals of quality management. The present study, applied in purpose and descriptive–analytical in nature, employed a documentary and library-based method using credible academic sources to explore both the causes of faculty resistance and the strategies to address it. The findings reveal that preference for maintaining the status quo, identity-related perceptions and professional self-definition, negative attitudes and distrust toward quality management systems, the perceived weakening of academic authority and expertise in decision-making, and tensions between academic autonomy and managerial requirements of quality assurance represent the most influential drivers of resistance. The analysis further identifies practical strategies to mitigate these challenges, including active participation of faculty members, effective communication and training, constructive reward management, capable and wise leadership, facilitation and emotional support through empowerment and recognition, negotiation and consensus-building, nurturing a supportive organizational culture, applying force-field analysis, and employing adaptive and contingency-based approaches. The study concludes that addressing resistance through these strategies can enable higher education institutions to manage quality processes more effectively, thereby ensuring the successful implementation and long-term institutionalization of educational quality management. These insights contribute to strengthening academic quality systems and advancing sustainable improvement in higher education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Faculty Resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Coping Strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdul Ahmad Amini
creator: Imam Mohammad Mobasher
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 140
ending page: 154
doi: 10.71082/qx6p5650

The Role of Competency-Based Education in Building Inclusive and Sustainable Communities
type: item
description: In the face of pressing global challenges and widening social inequalities, education must move beyond conventional models to address the complex needs of contemporary communities. Competency-Based Education (CBE) emerges as a transformative approach that emphasizes mastery of skills over memorization, while fostering critical thinking, civic engagement, and problem-solving abilities. This chapter applies a conceptual and analytical method by reviewing policy frameworks, academic literature, and case-based evidence to explore how CBE can be effectively aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The analysis highlights that CBE not only strengthens individual competencies but also enhances social cohesion, encourages local innovation, and builds resilience against socioeconomic and environmental pressures. Findings demonstrate that when implemented systematically, CBE contributes to inclusive educational practices, equips learners with context-relevant skills, and creates pathways for meaningful community participation. Furthermore, CBE frameworks can serve as catalysts for sustainable development by integrating educational outcomes with broader community development initiatives. The study concludes that the integration of CBE into educational policy and practice requires bold reforms, intersect oral collaboration, and long-term commitment from governments, institutions, and civil society. By positioning CBE as both a response to current challenges and a roadmap for future development, this chapter contributes to the growing body of research that underscores the role of education as a driver of inclusive, equitable, and sustainable societies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Competency-based education
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: SDGs
  topic: keywords
subject: community empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: equity in learning
  topic: keywords
subject: lifelong learning
  topic: keywords
subject: educational transformation
  topic: keywords
creator: Mustafa Kayyali
creator: Nazir Ahmad Noori
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 125
ending page: 139
doi: 10.71082/2mxavt33

Examining the Impact of Quality Assurance on Facilitating and Accelerating the Internationalization Process of Higher Education in Afghanistan
type: item
description: This study investigates the impact of quality assurance on the internationalization of higher education in Afghanistan. Quality assurance in higher education refers to a systematic set of policies, processes, and practices designed to maintain, enhance, and continuously evaluate the quality of academic, research, and service activities within higher education institutions. These mechanisms aim to meet expected academic and professional standards while gaining the trust of stakeholders. Internationalization of higher education is defined as a strategic process that integrates international, intercultural, and global dimensions into policy-making, planning, teaching, research, and academic services to enhance institutional quality, competitiveness, and engagement with the global academic community. Given the growing importance of both quality assurance and internationalization, this study seeks to understand how the implementation of quality assurance frameworks can facilitate and accelerate the internationalization process. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, the research involved a comprehensive review of scholarly literature and institutional documents. Data collected from this review were analyzed using thematic analysis. Key findings reveal that effective quality assurance mechanisms play a critical role in building academic trust and credibility, improving educational and research quality, increasing participation in international collaborative research projects, facilitating faculty and student exchange programs, and promoting the internationalization of curricula. In conclusion, the study highlights that quality assurance not only strengthens institutional capacity but also serves as a vital driver for the global integration of higher education in Afghanistan, offering valuable insights for policymakers, administrators, and academic leaders seeking to enhance institutional international engagement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quality Assurance
  topic: keywords
subject: Internationalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education in Afghanistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Faiz-al-Haq Faizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 115
ending page: 124
doi: 10.71082/gj868p48

The Role of Monitoring and Evaluation in Enhancing the Quality of Higher Education Institutions in Afghanistan
type: item
description: Monitoring and evaluation play a vital role in shaping the quality and accountability of higher education systems. In Afghanistan, where the sector faces persistent challenges, robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are urgently needed to ensure institutional improvement and sustainability. This study explores how global best practices can inform the development of such systems, particularly by drawing on models from Finland, Canada, and Singapore, which illustrate how structured, well-resourced, and technology-supported approaches enhance educational excellence. The research employed a comparative review method, combining theoretical foundations, policy analysis, and secondary literature to assess both international experiences and Afghanistan’s current realities. By examining strategies, structures, and outcomes of effective monitoring and evaluation frameworks abroad, the study identifies adaptable lessons for Afghanistan’s higher education context. Findings indicate that Afghanistan struggles with limited administrative capacity, insufficient financial resources, cultural barriers, and weak technical infrastructure. In contrast, the selected countries demonstrate how standardized monitoring practices, strong institutional capacity, and the integration of digital technologies can lead to improved accountability, better teaching and learning outcomes, and stronger governance mechanisms. The study concludes that Afghanistan can significantly benefit from adopting comprehensive monitoring and evaluation systems tailored to its local needs. Strengthening human resources, ensuring adequate funding, and establishing clear, standardized procedures are critical steps. By synthesizing global experiences with local challenges, this research contributes to a practical framework for reform, offering pathways to sustainable quality enhancement in Afghan higher education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education Institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: Challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: Solutions
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulhaq Wafa
creator: Safiullah Muhabat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 102
ending page: 114
doi: 10.71082/n7904f58

Comparison of the Obtained Scores of Core Quality Assurance Standards in Public and Private UniversitiesInstitutions
type: item
description: Research in Afghanistan remains limited, and little is known about the comparative performance of public and private higher education institutions in terms of quality assurance. This comparative study was conducted to examine the implementation of core quality assurance standards across selected public and private universities and higher education institutions. The study utilized the official evaluation scores provided by the Ministry of Higher Education for accredited universities and institutions. The methodology involved a comparative analysis of scores in key domains, including research, library facilities, faculty performance, financial resources, and information technology infrastructure. The findings indicate that public universities and higher education institutions generally achieved higher scores in research activities, library services, and faculty qualifications compared to their private counterparts. Conversely, private universities and institutions performed better in the areas of financial management and information technology implementation, suggesting more effective application of resources in these domains. These results highlight both strengths and gaps in the quality assurance processes of Afghan higher education institutions and underscore the need for targeted improvements. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that quality assurance evaluation provides a valuable framework for assessing institutional performance and identifying areas for development. By highlighting the differences between public and private institutions, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of quality assurance practices in Afghanistan and offers evidence-based insights that can support policy-making, resource allocation, and the continuous enhancement of higher education standards in the country.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quality Assurance
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality,Public University
  topic: keywords
subject: Private University
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparison
  topic: keywords
creator: Qudratullah Zawak
creator: Shaker Wahidi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 96
ending page: 101
doi: 10.71082/0gxxt390

The Role of Quality Assurance in Strengthening Research
type: item
description: Quality assurance (QA) is a systematic approach designed to ensure accuracy, validity, and transparency throughout the research process. It plays a critical role in improving the overall quality of research by preventing, identifying, and correcting errors or shortcomings in research activities and outcomes. Although QA is widely recognized globally, it remains a relatively new concept in Afghanistan, where most research institutions have yet to implement formal QA mechanisms. This review examines existing QA frameworks and practices adopted internationally, including guidelines from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Health Organization (WHO), and European scientific institutions. It also analyzes recent initiatives by the Afghan Ministry of Higher Education to introduce QA systems, particularly in Islamic universities influenced by UAE standards. The study is based on a review of literature, institutional reports, and official QA guidelines. The findings indicate that QA relies on standards, checklists, assessments, documentation, feedback, monitoring, and corrective actions to ensure research credibility and transparency. In Afghanistan, emerging QA initiatives have begun to encourage systematic research practices, although comprehensive mechanisms remain limited. Implementing QA enhances scientific rigor while also strengthening trust among society, decision-makers, and donors. In conclusion, QA is a fundamental component that must be integrated at all stages of the research process. Establishing robust QA systems in Afghanistan can significantly enhance research quality, scientific credibility, and societal impact, contributing to the advancement of reliable and trustworthy research practices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quality Assurance
  topic: keywords
subject: Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Strengthening
  topic: keywords
subject: Credibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Standards
  topic: keywords
subject: Research Design
  topic: keywords
creator: Ehsanullah Naseh
creator: Hamidullah Mozammel
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 89
ending page: 95
doi: 10.71082/nxxze528

Annual assessment and monitoring of academic programs in educational institutions and its effect on enhancing educational quality
type: item
description: ‌Annual evaluation and monitoring of academic programs are recognized as essential mechanisms for maintaining and improving the quality of education and research in higher education institutions. These processes enable the identification of curricular strengths and weaknesses, refinement of teaching methods, and enhancement of student satisfaction, while also ensuring accountability and alignment with both national and international standards. This study investigates the impact of annual evaluation and monitoring on the quality of education at the Higher Education Institute of Badghis Province, Afghanistan. Using a field research approach, primary data were collected from a stratified random sample of 50 faculty members and administrative staff. Data were obtained through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Graph Pad Prism Version 7 (Trial). The findings reveal that systematic annual monitoring leads to significant improvements, including alignment of curricula with labor market needs, enhancement of educational content, and promotion of effective teaching practices. Moreover, it contributes to student engagement, research quality assurance, professional development of faculty, innovation, and stronger collaboration between academia, industry, and the wider community. Despite these benefits, challenges such as resource limitations and resistance to change were identified as barriers to optimal implementation. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that annual evaluation and monitoring are not only critical tools for improving academic quality but also serve as catalysts for institutional accountability, innovation, and long-term educational development. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers and administrators seeking to strengthen higher education systems in resource-constrained contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Academic institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: Annual evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Curriculum improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Education quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Monitoring
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulmomin Azimi
creator: Atiqullah Afghan
creator: Mohammad Naim Hashimi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 75
ending page: 88
doi: 10.71082/sbh28j16

An AI-Enabled, Data-Driven PDCA Framework for Continuous Quality Improvement in Higher Education A Three-Institution Study
type: item
description: Higher education institutions increasingly employ data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance student learning outcomes, yet the absence of a systematic Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) framework limits their effectiveness. This study aimed to develop and pilot an AI-enabled, data-driven Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA) framework to support CQI in higher education. Student-level learning records (n = 12,450) were preprocessed using z-score normalization and outlier removal at ±3 standard deviations, and analyzed through Random Forest and Support Vector Machine models. Predictive performance was evaluated using ten-fold cross-validation. Complementary qualitative data were collected from 18 faculty members and policy-makers via structured interviews to assess usability and impact on decision-making. The Random Forest model achieved 87.2% accuracy (area under the curve = 0.91), outperforming the Support Vector Machine model (82.5%, AUC = 0.86). Implementation of two PDCA cycles led to measurable improvements: course pass rates increased by 9.4%, and semester-on-time completion rose by 7.1% (Cohen’s d = 0.65, p < 0.01). Qualitative feedback indicated enhanced decision-making speed and higher stakeholder engagement. These results demonstrate that integrating predictive analytics with structured PDCA cycles can effectively support CQI, providing actionable insights to improve student success. The study contributes a practical, data-driven framework for higher education quality enhancement, highlighting the feasibility of AI-assisted monitoring and evaluation. While the pilot was limited to two semesters, the findings suggest that longitudinal application could sustain and further amplify improvements in institutional performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Continuous Quality Improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Analytics
  topic: keywords
subject: PDCA Cycle
  topic: keywords
subject: Predictive Modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality Assurance
  topic: keywords
creator: Fayaz Gul Mazloum Yar
creator: Hameedullah Muzammil
creator: Hashmatullah Sarani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 65
ending page: 74
doi: 10.71082/5cfkbg32

The Evolution of Policy-Oriented and Applied Research in Uzbekistan From Institutional Isolation to Strategic Integration
type: item
description: This study examines the evolution of policy-oriented and applied research in Uzbekistan, with a focus on the historical, institutional, and geopolitical factors that have shaped its trajectory from the Soviet period to the present. Using a historical-institutional and documentary analysis approach, the research investigates reforms, policy frameworks, and institutional developments, with particular emphasis on the post-2016 era under President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. The findings show that Uzbekistan has transitioned from a centralized, planning-based research system to a modernized and pragmatically driven model that directly supports national development goals. Key reforms include the institutionalization of implementation-based doctoral research, the establishment of advanced think tanks, and the requirement for international publication, all of which have expanded research infrastructure, enhanced human capital, and increased global competitiveness. The University of World Economy and Diplomacy (UWED) is highlighted as a pioneering institution that connects academia, government, and international actors in advancing applied and policy-relevant research. The study concludes that these transformations represent a paradigmatic shift toward integrating research into governance and development, while also proposing initiatives to deepen Uzbekistan–Afghanistan academic cooperation through joint research programs, expert exchanges, and institutional partnerships. Such measures are expected to strengthen regional stability, foster cross-border knowledge production, and support the emergence of a collaborative academic ecosystem in Central and South Asia. Effectiveness and student outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Academic Cooperation
  topic: keywords
subject: Policy Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Research System Evolution
  topic: keywords
subject: Science Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Uzbekistan Reforms
  topic: keywords
creator: Islomkhon Gafarov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 52
ending page: 64
doi: 10.71082/z753da22

Factors Contributing to Procrastination Behaviors Among University Students in Jalalabad: A Quality Assurance Perspective
type: item
description: fostering autonomy-supportive learning environments, enhancing time management skills, and strengthening student support services to reduce procrastination. Integrating SDT Procrastination is a common issue among university students, negatively impacting academic performance, well-being, and the effectiveness of Quality Assurance (QA) mechanisms. In Jalalabad, Afghanistan, research on factors driving student procrastination and its implications for educational quality remains limited. This study investigates personal, academic, and institutional determinants of procrastination and their effects on QA processes. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with 130 students from diverse programs. Data were collected using structured questionnaires based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), which highlights autonomy, competence, and relatedness as drivers of intrinsic motivation. Quantitative analyses identified key contributors to procrastination, including poor time management, excessive social media use, low self-efficacy, limited motivational support from educators and family, and feelings of lethargy. Students recognized the adverse effects of procrastination on academic outcomes. From a QA perspective, these behaviors threaten academic standards, increase attrition risk, and hinder institutional objectives. The study recommends -informed interventions into QA frameworks can improve timely academic progression, boost student engagement, and sustain educational quality. These findings offer evidence-based insights into behavioral factors affecting higher education in Afghanistan and suggest practical strategies to enhance institutional effectiveness and student outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Procrastination
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-Determination Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality Assurance
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Sayed Mushfiq Rahman Hashimi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 38
ending page: 51
doi: 10.71082/s98t6w11

The Role of Student Feedback in Enhancing Educational Quality: A Case Study of the Faculty of Computer Science, Herat University
type: item
description: This study examines the role of student feedback in enhancing the quality of education at the Faculty of Computer Science, Herat University. The main research question addresses how the current feedback system influences educational quality, with the hypothesis that systematic integration of student feedback, combined with refined collection, analysis, and application methods, significantly improves educational quality and learning outcomes as perceived by both students and faculty. A cross-sectional study was conducted over three consecutive semesters (Spring 1403, Fall 1403, and Spring 1404) with 411 feedback forms collected through convenience sampling. Data were gathered using a 15-item questionnaire and analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics (version 29); quantitative variables were summarized using means, while qualitative variables were presented as percentages, and relationships between qualitative variables were assessed with the Chi-square test (p < 0.05 considered significant). Findings indicate that student feedback acts as a dynamic and influential mechanism for improving educational quality, showing positive correlations with overall faculty performance and departmental outcomes. The results emphasize that active integration of student feedback enhances instructional effectiveness, academic processes, and student engagement. This study highlights the critical importance of feedback in creating a responsive and continuously improving university environment and provides empirical evidence supporting the strategic use of feedback mechanisms to foster teaching quality and a culture of academic excellence in higher education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Teaching evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: student feedback
  topic: keywords
subject: continuous improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Herat University
  topic: keywords
subject: quality assurance
  topic: keywords
subject: educational quality.
  topic: keywords
creator: Seyed Kamran Hosseini
creator: Ahmad Faisal Akbari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 24
ending page: 37
doi: 10.71082/s92tkc39

Assessing the Impact of Digitalization on the Improvement of Educational Quality in Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study of Herat University (2025)
type: item
description: Digitalization has become a crucial factor in enhancing educational quality in higher education institutions worldwide, yet in Afghanistan, empirical evidence on its effects remains limited. This study investigates the impact of digitalization on educational quality at Herat University, aiming to identify key benefits, challenges, and areas for improvement. A quantitative research design was employed, and 203 structured questionnaires were distributed among faculty members and administrative staff. The survey instrument included sections on demographic information, awareness of digitalization, its perceived impact on teaching and learning, challenges and limitations, and the role of digital systems in administration. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and reliability tests in SPSS. The results indicate that faculty and staff generally have moderate to high awareness of digitalization, which positively influences teaching practices, learning outcomes, and institutional management. Challenges such as limited infrastructure, insufficient training, and resistance to change were identified as barriers to full implementation. Participants also emphasized the importance of digital systems in improving administrative efficiency and decision-making processes. The study concludes that digitalization can significantly enhance educational quality if supported by adequate policies, infrastructure, and training programs. This research provides empirical evidence on the role of digital technologies in Afghan higher education and offers practical recommendations, including enhancing digital literacy, centralizing digital platforms, and allocating sustainable resources to support technological advancement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digitalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Herat University
  topic: keywords
creator: MohammadHamed Amiry
creator: Mohammad Saeed Azimi
creator: Ahmad Fahim Saljuqi Saljuqi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-18
publication date: 2026-04-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 23
doi: 10.71082/w1f6bg49

Citizen Satisfaction with Urban Park Services, Case Study: Park-e-Shahr-e-Qadim, Aybak, Samangan
type: item
description: Urban parks are among the fundamental intra-urban uses and play a vital role in providing services and welfare for residents to spend their leisure time. This study, using a descriptive-analytical approach, examines residents’ satisfaction with the services of Park-e-Shahr-e-Qadim in Aybak., Samangan. The data required for the study were prepared and organized through a research questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. The findings were analyzed at descriptive and inferential statistical levels. Diagnostic tests and histograms indicated that the data distribution did not follow a normal distribution; therefore, non-parametric tests were used to test the research hypothesis. The Friedman test was employed to rank the park service indicators and test the research hypothesis. The results showed that all indicators of the Old City Park services are at a relatively satisfactory level. The welfare facilities indicator achieved the highest mean score (3.60), followed by the green space indicator (3.53), the comfort and convenience indicator (3.38), and the safety and security indicator (3.28), with a significance level (sig: 0.01), i.e., well above the neutral midpoint. In the ranking of indicators using the Friedman method, the welfare facilities indicator received the highest score (2.79), while the safety and security indicator ranked last (2.28). Consequently, these findings can help planners and city managers identify residents’ satisfaction with the park’s service indicators and use these insights to further improve and enhance service quality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Park Services
  topic: keywords
subject: Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Park-e-Shahr-e-Qadim
  topic: keywords
subject: Aybak
  topic: keywords
subject: Samangan
  topic: keywords
creator: Hadi Aliyar
creator: Sayed Emmuddin
creator: Akbar Sharafat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-03
publication date: 2026-01-03
starting page: 532
ending page: 545
doi: 10.71082/8s7gd211

An Analysis of the Challenges and Opportunities of Tourism in Balkh Province: Approaches to Development and Management
type: item
description: Balkh Province is recognized as one of Afghanistan’s key tourism regions due to its rich historical heritage and diverse cultural and natural attractions. This study aimed to examine the challenges and opportunities for tourism development in the province. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted based on semi-structured interviews with eight tourism specialists, and the data were analyzed using MAXQDA. The findings indicate that major attractions such as the Shrine of Hazrat Ali, the Mausoleum of Mawlana, the Nine-Domed Masjid, the Qosh Tepa Canal, and the Amu River provide significant tourism potential. However, weak infrastructure, limited marketing, negative international perceptions of Afghanistan, and political instability constrain development. Key enabling factors include Balkh's strategic geographic position and inter-institutional collaboration. The study concludes that sustainable tourism development in Balkh requires infrastructure investment, targeted promotion, community participation, heritage conservation, establishment of protected areas, and the adoption of renewable energy. These measures can strengthen local economic growth, generate employment, and reinforce the region's cultural identity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Approaches
  topic: keywords
subject: Balkh Province
  topic: keywords
subject: Challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Opportunities
  topic: keywords
subject: Tourism
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Rasool Manawi
creator: Hassan Rasuli
creator: Shoaib Noori
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-03
publication date: 2026-01-03
starting page: 519
ending page: 531
doi: 10.71082/1w9yv976

The Impact of Ethnicity and Gender on Psychological Well-Being in Afghanistan
type: item
description: This research explored psychological well-being in Afghanistan, focusing on ethnic and gender influences. Using a descriptive causal-comparative approach, 960 participants,comprising 597 males and 363 females were recruited from four ethnic groups(Tajik, Uzbek, Pashtun, and Hazara) residing in various provinces of Afghanistan. Data were collected using the Psychological WellBeing short form Scale and analyzed with SPSS (Version 27), applying independent samples t-tests and multivariate analysis of variance .The findings revealed that A significant gender difference emerged in the autonomy dimension (p = .014), with men demonstrating higher levels of autonomy. Results indicated significant effects of ethnicity on personal growth, positive relations, self-acceptance and purpose in life. Overall psychological wellbeing was also significantly influenced by ethnicity. However, no significant ethnic differences were found for environmental mastery or autonomy. Tukey post-hoc analysis revealed higher selfacceptance among Hazaras than Uzbeks (p = .040). Evidence from the study suggests that ethnicity constitutes an influential factor shaping different dimensions of psychological well-being. while gender-related differences appear to be more limited in scope. The results highlight the importance of considering sociocultural factors when addressing mental health and well-being within diverse populations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Afghanistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethnicity
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Well-Being.
  topic: keywords
creator: Zarifullah Ahmadyar
creator: Mahmood Heidari
creator: Mohammad Ali Mazaheri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-03
publication date: 2026-01-03
starting page: 508
ending page: 518
doi: 10.71082/ppf4jn48

The Role of Relevant Departments in Pollution Reduction Techniques and Biodiversity Conservation in Afghanistan
type: item
description: Air pollution is one of the major problems that humanity has faced, which stems from destructive human activities such as the consumption of fossil fuels, the increase in vehicles and their low quality, the use of low-quality fuels, population growth, the use of smoky fuels, the lack of paved and asphalted roads, the use of wood, coal, timber, and other factors. These have all caused air pollution to increase, leading to respiratory, heart, and vascular diseases, weakening of the immune system, and premature mortality. Today, many cities in the world are affected by the phenomenon of air pollution, and Afghanistan is among them. Some offices and authorities have played a direct role in reducing air pollution, including the municipal administrations of the country, particularly the Kabul Municipality, the Ministries for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Information and Culture, Hajj and Religious Endowments, the Ministry of Higher Education, the Ministry of Mines, the Ministry of Energy and Water, the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, the Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing, the General Directorate of Environmental Protection, and other relevant authorities, each of which has had its own impact. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study and examine the role of the related offices in techniques for reducing pollution and preserving Afghanistan's biodiversity, considering that Afghanistan is one of the countries most affected by environmental and air pollution, with Kabul being one of the most polluted cities in the world. The research addresses the factors causing this pollution and also presents ways to prevent it and the role of the relevant offices. The methodology of this research is qualitative and is presented in an analytical and descriptive manner. The information was collected using books, articles, and reputable websites. The…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Afghanistan, Biodiversity, Pollution Reduction, Role, Relevant Departments & Techniques.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mullajan Rahmani
creator: Abdul Muneer Rahimi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-03
publication date: 2026-01-03
starting page: 705
ending page: 718
doi: 10.71082/qwe3fe72

Baghlan and the Earliest Traces of the Persian-Dari Language:An Examination of the Historical, Linguistic, and Cultural ties between Baghlan and Persian-Dari language
type: item
description: This study examines the historical and linguistic significance of Baghlan within the broader context of early Iranian language development, focusing on the Surkh Kotal inscriptions of the Kushan period (2nd century CE). Using a descriptive-analytical and historical-comparative approach, the research analyzes selected lexical and morpho-syntactic features documented in published editions of the inscriptions and compares them with later attestations of Persian-Dari. The objective is not to assert direct genetic descent but to explore possible patterns of linguistic continuity, contact, or structural resemblance within the eastern Iranian sphere. By distinguishing between genetic inheritance, areal influence, and typological similarity, the study proposes that the linguistic environment of ancient Bactria, including Baghlan, may have contributed to conditions that facilitated the later emergence of Persian-Dari. The findings highlight the importance of regional epigraphic evidence while acknowledging the methodological limits imposed by reliance on secondary documentation and the broader complexities of Iranian language history.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Baghlan (Ancient Bactria), Surkh Kotal Inscriptions, Bactrian Language Early Iranian Languages, Persian-Dari Development, Historical Linguistics.
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulkhaliq Noori
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-03
publication date: 2026-01-03
starting page: 695
ending page: 704
doi: 10.71082/effswv14

Digital Currency and the Question of Trust: CBEX Trading in Nigeria from Islamic Economic Lens
type: item
description: The digital revolution has reshaped financial systems globally, introducing cryptocurrencies and Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) as alternative instruments of transaction and investment. In Nigeria, this transformation has coincided with the proliferation of digital-based Ponzi schemes, notably the collapse of the CBEX (Crypto Binary Exchange) platform, raising ethical and regulatory concerns. This study examines the relationship between digital currency, Ponzi schemes, and economic trust in Nigeria from contemporary economic and Islamic ethical perspectives. It evaluates how unregulated digital investments undermine economic justice and Islamic economic values. Adopting a qualitative approach, the study analyzes the CBEX case as a representative example. Data were drawn from Islamic economic literature, media reports, and regulatory commentaries to assess the broader ethical and socio-economic implications. The findings indicate that while digital currencies present genuine economic opportunities, inadequate regulation and low financial literacy have facilitated fraudulent schemes. From an Islamic perspective, CBEX-like operations contravene fundamental principles including transparency (bayān), trustworthiness (amānah), and the prohibition of excessive uncertainty (gharar) and gambling (maysir). The study concludes that restoring economic trust requires stronger regulatory oversight, enhanced public financial education, and ethical reorientation. It recommends a balanced framework that supports digital financial innovation while embedding robust legal safeguards and Islamic ethical principles to prevent exploitation and ensure economic justice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital currency, CBEX Trading, Islamic economy, trust, Ponzi schemes.
  topic: keywords
creator: Khalid Ishola Bello
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-03
publication date: 2026-01-03
starting page: 682
ending page: 694
doi: 10.71082/h1bgez45

Overview of Afghanistan’s Water Basins
type: item
description: Afghanistan is a rich country in terms of water resources. However, the main issue in that regard is that the water resources of the country have not been properly identified, and no comprehensive and concrete policies have been adopted to manage these water resources. Similarly, a lack of sufficient consideration to the water resources of the country, has caused wastage of the water resources and the neighbors' abuse of the said resources. This work is focused on analyzing the water resources of Afghanistan. The information for this paper has been obtained through library research and were processed through the Descriptive Analysis method. The paper came to the conclusion that, Afghanistan is blessed with countless number of water basins and water resources. The water basins of Afghanistan include small and large rivers that become transboundary by crossing the borders and reinforce Afghanistan's position vis-à-vis its neighbors and beyond. The Oxus (Amu), Kabul, Hilmand, North, and Harirod are considered the major water basins of Afghanistan. The basins not only respond to Afghanistan's water needs but also those of the neighbors, either directly or indirectly
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Afghanistan, Amu (Oxus), Harirod , Helmand, Kabul, Water Basins.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sibghatullah Aryan
creator: Hamid Reshad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-03
publication date: 2026-01-03
starting page: 671
ending page: 681
doi: 10.71082/f58ek124

A look to Afghanistan's geopolitical and transit Location and its impact on the country's political and economic stability
type: item
description: Today, the topic of transit using modern methods is considered the economic lifeline of countries, breathing life into the body of the land and driving the vast economic cycle on the globe. This research has been conducted due to the importance of transit in the global economy and its role in ensuring political and economic stability in the country, as well as in elevating Afghanistan's geopolitical status regionally and globally. Afghanistan's transit position in Asia holds special geopolitical value and, in addition to generating economic revenue and ensuring national stability, can foster regional stability and cohesion by linking the interests of countries. The aim of the research is to study Afghanistan's transit position and its impact on the country's political and economic stability, noting that Afghanistan is a country with an important geographical and geopolitical position, connecting the north to the south and the east to the west, and is considered the gateway to Asia. The significance of the research lies in gaining an understanding of the advantages and value of the country's strategic position through such studies. The research method is qualitative, presented in an analytical and descriptive manner, with sources collected from books, scholarly articles, and internet websites. The research results indicate that Afghanistan holds great importance in terms of its transit position and has played a valuable role in the development and political and economic stability of the country.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Afghanistan, geopolitics, political stability, transit.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mullajan Rahmani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-03
publication date: 2026-01-03
starting page: 657
ending page: 670
doi: 10.71082/xqx8sj02

Investigating Grammatical Errors in the Spoken English of Freshmen at Panjshir University’s Faculty of Education
type: item
description: This study examined grammatical errors in the spoken English of first-year EFL students at the Faculty of Education, Panjshir University, Afghanistan. The purpose of the study was to identify the types and causes of grammatical errors in students’ oral production. A qualitative descriptive research design was employed. Thirty undergraduate students enrolled in the Speaking I course (2024 cohort) were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews and audiorecorded with participants’ consent. The recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Dulay, Burt, and Krashen’s (1982) Surface Strategy Taxonomy, which categorizes errors into omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. To enhance credibility, follow-up interviews were conducted to explore the underlying causes of the identified errors. The findings revealed 443 grammatical errors. Omission errors were the most frequent (235 cases, 53%), followed by addition errors (78 cases, 17%), misformation errors (67 cases, 15.12%), and misordering errors (63 cases, 14.22%). The results suggest that insufficient grammatical competence, limited exposure to authentic English, interlingual interference from learners’ first language, intralingual factors, and overgeneralization strategies contributed to students’ errors. The study highlights the need for more focused grammar instruction within the communicative speaking course.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: causes of error, freshman Grammatical Error, speaking.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sayed Zahir Nazimi
creator: Kamran Hatifi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-03
publication date: 2026-01-03
starting page: 649
ending page: 656
doi: 10.71082/kajp9f23