The Impact of Ethnicity and Gender on Psychological Well-Being in Afghanistan

Abstract

This research explored psychological well-being in Afghanistan, focusing on ethnic and gender influences. Using a descriptive causal-comparative approach, 960 participants,comprising 597 males and 363 females were recruited from four ethnic groups(Tajik, Uzbek, Pashtun, and Hazara) residing in various provinces of Afghanistan. Data were collected using the Psychological WellBeing short form Scale and analyzed with SPSS (Version 27), applying independent samples t-tests and multivariate analysis of variance .The findings revealed that A significant gender difference emerged in the autonomy dimension (p = .014), with men demonstrating higher levels of autonomy. Results indicated significant effects of ethnicity on personal growth, positive relations, self-acceptance and purpose in life. Overall psychological wellbeing was also significantly influenced by ethnicity. However, no significant ethnic differences were found for environmental mastery or autonomy. Tukey post-hoc analysis revealed higher selfacceptance among Hazaras than Uzbeks (p = .040). Evidence from the study suggests that ethnicity constitutes an influential factor shaping different dimensions of psychological well-being. while gender-related differences appear to be more limited in scope. The results highlight the importance of considering sociocultural factors when addressing mental health and well-being within diverse populations.